ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ ΕΠΙΔΟΤΗΣΕΩΝ 2022

Στα πλαίσια της τακτικής ενημέρωσης προς όλους τους ενδιαφερόμενους για τα ανοικτά προγράμματα επιδοτήσεων καθώς και αυτά που αναμένονται άμεσα, ακολουθεί μία επιγραμματική παρουσίαση τους.

• Ψηφιακός Μετασχηματισμός – Πρόγραμμα «ΨΗΦΙΑΚΑ ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΑ ΜΜΕ»

Δικαιούχοι: Επιχειρήσεις, ΚΟΙΝΣΕΠ, Συνεταιρισμοί. Ποσοστό επιδότησης: 90%. Υποβολές έως 31/10/2022

• Ψηφιακός Μετασχηματισμός – Πρόγραμμα «ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗ ΨΗΦΙΑΚΩΝ ΠΡΟΪΟΝΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΩΝ»

Δικαιούχοι: Επιχειρήσεις, ΚΟΙΝΣΕΠ, Συνεταιρισμοί. Ποσοστό επιδότησης: 35%-70%.  Υποβολές έως 31/12/2022

• Ψηφιακός Μετασχηματισμός – Πρόγραμμα «ΨΗΦΙΑΚΕΣ ΣΥΝΑΛΛΑΓΕΣ»

Δικαιούχοι: Επιχειρήσεις, ΚΟΙΝΣΕΠ, Συνεταιρισμοί. Ποσοστό επιδότησης: 90% – 100%. Υποβολές έως 31/10/2022

• Αναπτυξιακός Νόμος – Καθεστώς «ΜΕΤΑΠΟΙΗΣΗ-ΕΦΟΔΙΑΣΤΙΚΗ ΑΛΥΣΙΔΑ»

Δικαιούχοι: Επιχειρήσεις, ΚΟΙΝΣΕΠ, Συνεταιρισμοί με ΚΑΔ 10-35 & 52.29. Ποσοστό επιδότησης: 25%-70%. Υποβολές έως 31/10/2022

• Αναπτυξιακός Νόμος – Καθεστώς «ΕΝΙΣΧΥΣΗ ΤΟΥΡΙΣΤΙΚΩΝ ΕΠΕΝΔΥΣΕΩΝ»

Δικαιούχοι: Επιχειρήσεις, ΚΟΙΝΣΕΠ, Συνεταιρισμοί με ΚΑΔ 55. Ποσοστό επιδότησης: 25%-70%. Υποβολές έως 05/12/2022

• Αναπτυξιακός Νόμος – Καθεστώς «ΑΓΡΟΔΙΑΤΡΟΦΗ-ΠΡΩΤΟΓΕΝΗΣ ΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΗ & ΜΕΤΑΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΑΓΡΟΤΙΚΩΝ ΠΡΟΪΟΝΤΩΝ-ΑΛΙΕΙΑ-ΥΔΑΤΟΚΑΛΛΙΕΡΓΕΙΑ»

Δικαιούχοι: Επιχειρήσεις, ΚΟΙΝΣΕΠ, Συνεταιρισμοί με ΚΑΔ 01-01.64 (Πρωτογενής Παραγωγή) & 10.1-11.07, 13.10, 20.53, 21.20 (Μεταποίηση Αγροτικών Προϊόντων). Ποσοστό επιδότησης: 25%-70%. Υποβολές έως 30/12/2022

• Δ.ΥΠ.Α – Πρόγραμμα «Δεύτερης Επαγγελματικής Ευκαιρίας»

Δικαιούχοι: Άνεργοι,πρώην αυταπασχολούμενοι. Ποσοστό επιδότησης: 100%    Ανοικτό έως εξαντλήσεως προϋπολογισμού

• Δ.ΥΠ.Α – Πρόγραμμα «Προεργασίας για 10.000 άνεργους νέους ηλικίας έως 29 ετών στις Περιφέρειες Αττικής και Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας»

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ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ ΠΡΟΣΕΧΩΣ

• Ταμείο Ανάκαμψης και Ανθεκτικότητας – «ΕΛΛΑΔΑ 2.0» «ΕΞΥΠΝΗ ΜΕΤΑΠΟΙΗΣΗ»

Δικαιούχοι: Υφιστάμενες και νέες Επιχειρήσεις (ΑΕ, ΟΕ, ΕΕ, ΕΠΕ, ΙΚΕ και Ατομικές Επιχειρήσεις) με ΚΑΔ 10.1-11, 13-18, 20-33 & οι 35, 38, 52, 58, 71, 89 με εξαιρέσεις Ποσοστό επιδότησης: 35%-70%. Υποβολές από 23/11/2022 έως 23/01/2023

• Υπουργείο Περιβάλλοντος και Ενέργειας ΠΡΟΔΗΜΟΣΙΕΥΣΗ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΟΣ  «ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΩ – ΕΞΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΩ»

Δικαιούχοι: Επιχειρήσεις, ΚΟΙΝΣΕΠ, Συνεταιρισμοί στους τομείς του τουρισμού, υποηρεσιών και εμπορίου Ποσοστό επιδότησης: 40%-50%. Υποβολές αναμένονται στο τέλος του 2022.

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The energy sector in the social economy

The centralized nature of fossil fuels and the distributed nature of renewable energy sources;

New jobs in the energy sector

The acceleration of the energy transition and new jobs

The energy communities – energy cooperatives

Low energy costs and local energy self-sufficiency

The energy sector is the most critical in the economy and can lead to the energy war that Europe is currently experiencing, but also the most promising as the prospect of renewable energy sources can liberate us energetically, from the scarcity of fossil fuels, with energy source the abundance of the sun.

The centralized nature of fossil fuels that defined the first and second industrial revolutions is the main cause of the rapid growth in the last two centuries, but also the cause of the global inequality between wealth and poverty. It is clear that energy poverty, in large regions of globalization, also leads to an increase in unemployment, which is not only addressed by vocational training seminars.

On the other hand, the new technologies in energy and the distributed character of renewable energy sources, as a technological possibility, of decentralized production, by local businesses and consumers is coming to change the paradigmatic model and from centralized to make it horizontally participatory. This process in the end means a huge reduction in energy costs for businesses and households, as they generate their own energy for themselves. But according to experts, it will take at least 30 years for the energy transition to reach production from renewable energy sources above 50%, as it is currently between 20% and 30% in Europe.

But the transition is not only in the hands of the financial elites, the big companies of energy producers and traders, but also in the hands of the decentralized societies that can take initiatives of local energy production, from the open sources of access and accelerate the transition processes. The institutional tool in this process is the social cooperatives, (energy communities).

It is about the democratization of energy and at the same time the involvement and employment of larger sections of the population in the entire production process. Securing more jobs.

New job positions

According to a report by the IMF, energy efficiency from a transition to renewable energy sources is projected to increase by about 2% of global GDP and create 30 million new jobs due to the greater labor intensity of renewables than fossil fuels. A fact that is also recognized by other international organizations.

There is a theoretical and practical foundation that the decentralized model of production process that yields more jobs than the centralized model of production. At the expense of global competitiveness while decentralization and local self-sufficiency lends itself to work intensity. This is not in the interest of large profit-making companies that want to keep labor costs down, but in the interests of the wider social strata that seek first and foremost a livelihood income. It also benefits society and the economy as a whole as there are no unemployed members and they are able to consume and in this way contribute to the general well-being.

Decentralized energy production does not mean that one is against robotics and artificial intelligence that save jobs for centralized industrial production, among other things, reducing costs for consumers. It means that it is also desirable to have self-production capabilities in the critical areas of livelihood which are energy, nutrition and health services, to balance the economic system and democratize the distribution of resources.

The self-production of energy is somewhat similar to the process like in the feudal era when everyone, usually a peasant, took care of cutting and transporting from the forest alone the firewood to his house for the energy he needed. At that time, of course, the population of the earth did not exceed one billion. Today with the population that the Earth has, if we were to go back to the feudal era, everything would freeze. However, new technologies also in the field of energy allow us to receive unlimited energy from the sun and distribute it equally for all. The transformation of this energy into electricity and liquid fuels such as hydrogen also creates the additional jobs that are necessary.

What is preventing the acceleration of the energy transition?

Cheap natural gas, the low cost of its production due to the minimal labor costs needed to produce it, and the super profits of the big companies monopolizing its distribution, was the incentive for these companies to invest in natural gas and fossil fuels and the disincentive and not to invest more in renewables. But now that their price has increased tenfold with the energy war and the short-sighted and one-sided investment in fossil fuels, whose only rationale was unbridled speculation, has been revealed, the facts have changed.

It was revealed that the government energy subsidies, which are huge, were not directed sufficiently towards renewables and the distributed energy of small producers and Cooperatives, resulting in the delay of the transition.

Where there are exceptions there are also miraculous results through energy cooperatives. Thousands of electricity and green energy cooperatives are springing up in communities around the world, laying the foundation for a community benefit and sharing of electricity through regional and local distribution networks.

Electricity consumers instead of investing in the stock market with completely uncertain results, invest in energy cooperatives ensuring a very low cost of the energy they consume.

In Germany, Green Energy cooperatives are growing rapidly and contribute to renewable energy sources approaching 30%. Apparently Germany today could have overcome the energy crisis if the supply from renewable sources was closer to 50%. Denmark is at the forefront of renewable energy and co-production and is much less affected by the energy crisis.

The United States, which has a strong tradition of rural electric cooperatives, has set a goal of producing 25% of its members’ electricity from renewable sources by 2025.

Is this enough to avoid the energy crisis? Obviously not as fossil fuel and electricity prices are skyrocketing there as well even though America is considered fossil fuel self sufficient.

Soft forms of energy from the sun and wind are not yet developed to such an extent that they could replace the energy deficit. Experts say it will take at least another decade of transition from fossil fuels to green energy to tackle the problem.

Therefore, the global energy crisis teaches us practically that it is necessary to accelerate the processes of the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources through the mobilization of businesses and consumers for energy cooperatives to fight energy poverty.

The energy communities – energy cooperatives

Energy communities are exclusive purpose local urban cooperatives through which primarily citizens (either as natural or legal persons) can be active in the energy sector, exploiting clean energy sources. The new institutional framework ensures favorable conditions for the establishment and operation of energy communities, with the aim of strengthening not only individual / family incomes, but also local entrepreneurship, the solidarity economy and the promotion of energy democracy.

The social economy as a system is a necessary condition in order to realize this goal with citizen synergies to ensure a sustainable energy system for all social groups inclusively and to tackle energy poverty.

Municipalities, their legal entities and citizens can participate in these Cooperatives jointly or separately.

The installation of photovoltaics can be done on roofs as well as photovoltaic parks.

From information we gathered for Greece, the investment for each household varies between 2,000 and 3,000 E. and the return benefit is around 15% per year. So capital payback in less than 5 years.

Practically, a related investment can ensure energy self-sufficiency in municipal buildings and schools, but also become a living example to organize citizens in cooperative energy production to save significant resources for each household.

Civil Society, ecological, cultural, consumer and humanitarian organizations can play an important and decisive role in mobilizing citizens as they have the

The mobilization of processes from below for the production of energy from alternative sources is offered for the first time in history as the large multinational companies (oil companies) become a brake on the spread of new technologies of energy sharing and knowledge. They obviously don’t want to lose their super profits from a new cost-minimizing energy industry. Therefore, a political issue arises for local communities to defend the social benefit against those who prevent the diffusion of technological innovations and distributed energy. Energy is too serious a business for the future of society and the Planet due to climate change to be left in the hands of the big multinationals who insist on holding humanity hostage to fossil fuels.

Low energy costs and local energy self-sufficiency

In the long term, the outlook for renewable energy sources remains positive and is characterized by steady growth across all sectors and a reduction in energy costs. Between now and 2040, research and analysis show that:

• Total demand will increase by over 30%.

• By 2050, Renewable Energy Sources will constitute approximately 56% of the total energy potential.

• “Developing” countries will build 3 times more Renewables capacity than “Developed” countries.

• Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources will double reaching 46% of total electricity production.

• The cost of Wind energy will decrease by 32% while that of Solar energy by 48%.

• Solar energy will account for more than 1/3 of the global increase in Energy potential.

A general campaign is needed by civil society organizations and consumer organizations, and cooperatives in collaboration with local government to accelerate participation in energy cooperatives with Tools¨:

One (1) Technical Study which will determine the technical procedures, tasks and methodology of implementing the plan with specific dimensions and measurements, conditions and distribution of the project, for the service of each member. The procedures for the supply of installation materials. The amount of energy that will be produced and distributed to the beneficiaries.

One (1) Manual, based on the exemplary model (PV Park) that will be formed, will function as a tool for the use and dissemination of the practical implementation of the Energy Communities. It will also function as a communication tool of the incentives and advantages that exist for Energy Cooperatives. And finally to function as a mechanism for the implementation and application of the exemplary model, for the creation of businesses by organized consumers, by collectives.

When the financial leverage of the market is objectively absent, as is the case after the prolonged crisis, at least a policy of leveraging inactive resources and social capital is required, as well as synergies with large social collectives and Local Government. This role of leveraging institutional demand can be played by large Consumer organizations, trade unions, ecological and cultural Associations. The distinct and distinguished role of social enterprises supported by social collectives is to transform inactive material and human resources into energy of productivity and economic action.

The Manual and the Technical study will be distributed to all Municipalities that have not yet started relevant procedures and initiatives for this purpose will be supported.

The social impact of this action is expected to be very significant as a pan-European mobilization is necessary.

Footnote: The vigilance of society on the issue of energy is of capital importance. Starting the mental journey from the Promethean fire, reaching electromagnetism and the infinite satellite radio frequencies in our mobiles, we must reflect.

“Energy” in all its forms is a source of life originating from the life-giving Sun. Energy is food and every movement, energy and knowledge. That is why it must be distributed to everyone.Einstein, at the level of physics with his well-known equation E=mc2, proved that everything in nature is energy. Correspondingly, at the level of the economy, energy determines all development. New technologies and forms of energy had a decisive effect on all phases of the first, second and third industrial revolutions.

The agri-food sector – livelihood and local self-sufficiency

Livelihood and local employment

The revitalization of Cooperatives

Socially supported agriculture

Supporting local self-sufficiency

The food sector is one of the three main sectors, on which the livelihood of the economically weak depends, in the most necessary goods needed for living. For many also, small agricultural crops and animal husbandry are a supplementary income, supporting the low-wage earners as well as offering additional jobs for the social needs.

For a significant part of society, the minimum wage is barely enough for basic needs and only covers survival, such as energy, food and housing, while it does not cover the needs for education and health. Thus, the participation of these citizens in agricultural or consumer cooperatives can provide additional income or even reduce the cost of living. In addition, it can create opportunities to boost local employment, where economies of scale are needed to benefit smallholder farmers. And this makes it necessary to promote the social economy in the agricultural sector in the form of productive and consumer cooperatives.

More generally, in Europe it is observed that there is a tendency for the revival of cooperatives. And as we emphasized in previous chapters the inactive resources both in the Local Government and in the small landowners. These conditions are challenging for the utilization of inactive resources through cooperatives.

The food crisis and the precision in agricultural products that threatens, among others, Europe, is an additional reason to consider local agro-food self-sufficiency as well as dealing with the effects of increased energy costs and the energy crisis affecting agricultural production.

The revitalization of Cooperatives and the viability of small producers

In Europe, the renaissance of cooperatives in the last decade is a remarkable event for economic trends. The number of cooperative enterprises that operate in Europe, having 123 million members and offering work to 5.4 million people. In fact, in countries such as Germany, Italy, France or Spain, appear to have relatively higher performance, while emerging more stable in periods of crisis.

These are mentioned, among other things, in an opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on “Cooperatives and restructuring”, in which it is characteristically pointed out that “the evidence shows that in times of crisis cooperatives aremore durable and stable than other forms of business and are able to develop initiatives”.

At an organizational institutional level there are over 3,800 large secondary producer associations that have been recognized by national authorities in 25 different member states. Germany, Spain, France and Italy are the four Member States with the most Producer Groups or Associations of Producer Groups. The Commission recognizes the positive effects of Producer Organizations in the primary sector.

More than 50% of recognized producer organizations operate in the fruit and vegetable sector (1,851). Over 100 recognized organisations, active in seven other sectors, milk and milk products (334), olive oil and table olives (254), wine (222), beef (210), cereals (177) and pork (101).

In the UK co-operatives are booming for everyone the sectors and it is typical that after 2009 the turnover them increased by 10% when the British economy contracted by 4.9%. In 2010 the cooperative sector continued to growing by 4.4% compared to growth rate on  of the entire UK economy of its class 1.9%.

In Italy, employment in cooperatives increased by 3% in 2010, while total employment in the private sector saw a decline in class  of 1%. The crisis in the field of social welfare has a resulting in the multiplication of the number of social cooperatives at a rapid pace. Cooperatives have a larger life expectancy. One third of the cooperatives established between 1970 and 1989 they still operate against one fourth in the case of other businesses.

In the case of Spain, which has been seriously affected by the crisis, the decrease in employment in 2008 and 2009 was of order of 4.5% in the cooperative sector compared to 8% in conventional ones businesses. The European Economic and Social Committee estimates that the cooperatives should be considered in all policies of the EU that contribute to smart, sustainable and inclusive development, noting at the same time that safeguarding is required equal conditions of competition between cooperatives and other forms businesses. He also emphasizes that the programs and funds that are foreseen for the upcoming fiscal period 2014-2020, should be useful tools to support themcooperatives.

Greece has a limited extent of cooperative activity in the context of the social economy. Only 0.4% of the total economy is the participation of agricultural cooperatives. However, there are several qualitatively good examples that show us that, where Cooperative entrepreneurship is properly implemented, it has a catalytic effect on local society and local employment.

To what do cooperatives owe their economic viability?

Cooperatives owe their resilience to the fact that they emphasize cooperative growth, not shareholder profits. That is why 40% of the profits are reinvested in the common cooperative “bank”. The corresponding percentage in conventional businesses is only 5%. The majority of cooperatives are self-financing and do not rely on the state. Cooperatives appear where small and medium enterprises leave due to low profitability whereas cooperatives operate even with very low profit.

Given the conditions of low profitability in the agri-food sector, the only realistic way to achieve economies of scale is to massively increase the degree of cooperation within the cooperative organization, at all levels and in all ways.

Traditionally, we know that cooperatives have been a way of survival for small and medium-sized enterprises, pooling cash to buy raw materials and products at discounts, reducing their operating costs and maintaining common departments with economies of scale. In their development, however, many of them became normal joint-stock profit-making companies and were cut off from their original purpose. Of course, any form of entrepreneurship is acceptable and can contribute to the sustainable well-being of society, but it does not have the same social impact or the same social benefit to be sponsored by the state and the community.

First, the gradual shrinking and withdrawal of the welfare state which increases the needs of social solidarity.

And second is the growing technological unemployment.

When the state began to withdraw, private philanthropy tried to fill the gap by funding non-profit initiatives, but the funds available to communities were small compared to state revenues. Caught between an increased social burden but with reduced revenue to address critical community needs, nonprofits began to look for new business models that could match their primary mission and provide a supplemental source of income. income for the operation and expansion of their services.

The prospect of a paradigmatic model that can reduce marginal cost to near zero makes private enterprise less efficient because its survival depends on profit maximization. Cooperatives are therefore the only business model that will be able to work in a sector where the competitiveness of large monocultures has dramatically reduced the income of small farmers.

The key to small farms therefore lies in investing in social enterprises that do not aim at profit, but offer work and additional income to the local community and, on the other hand, reduced costs of social services.

With this approach we foresee a growing demand for social, energy and consumer cooperatives with the aim of reducing transaction costs and supplementing household incomes.

Socially supported agriculture

Organizational innovation in the agri-food sector is socially supported agriculture. The consortium of producers and consumers.

This means direct cooperation between an organized group of Consumers with one or more producers of food products, where the benefits and losses of Agricultural activities are shared jointly by producers and consumers without Commercial mediation. It is a more advanced stage of cooperation than producer cooperatives.

Organizational communication today between consumers and producers is facilitated by the internet.

“Community Supported Agriculture” was born in Europe and Japan in the 1960s and spread to America and Canada in the mid-90s today it is spreading throughout Europe.

“Socially Supported Agriculture” in process and design is similar to Contract Agriculture but differs in social goal. In Contract Agriculture, producers cooperate with large traders of agricultural products, while in Socially Supported Agriculture, small producers cooperate with consumers.

Today, these communities of Producers and Consumers in the agri-food sector, together with the energy communities are the catalysts for the development of the social economy.

But how does this cooperative relationship of consumer producers work in practice?

In essence, consumers become partners-shareholders in the production process in order to secure the products they consume from specific farms.

Consumers, usually living in cities, pay a fixed amount of money to cover the farmers’ annual expenses. In return, they receive a share of the harvest. Typically, the share consists of a box of fruit and vegetables delivered to their doorstep (or a pre-arranged pick-up point) immediately after they are harvested, resulting in a steady flow of fresh local produce to consumers.

Most of these farms use ecological practices and organic farming methods. As Community Supported Agriculture is a cooperative venture, based on the sharing of risk between consumers and farmers, consumers benefit when the harvest is good and suffer the consequences of a bad harvest. If the crop is damaged by bad weather or some other accident, consumers absorb the losses by reducing the food items they deliver on a weekly basis. This kind of sharing of risk and reward unites consumers and farmers in a common enterprise.

The Internet plays a decisive role in the contact between farmers and consumers, as it enables the distributed and cooperative organization of the food chain. Thus, within a few years, Community Supported Agriculture has expanded internationally from a dragon of pilot consortia to nearly three thousand businesses supplying tens of thousands of consumers.

The “Community Supported Agriculture” model particularly appeals to the younger generation, who are familiar with the idea of ​​collaboration in digital social spaces and extends to the agri-food sector. In addition, the growing appeal of Community Supported Agriculture reflects both growing consumer consciousness and interest in the need to reduce the ecological footprint. By helping to eliminate petrochemical fertilizers and pesticides, carbon dioxide emissions, and packaging, advertising and promotion costs associated with the existing food production and distribution chain, consumers participating in the Community Supported Agriculture model enjoy a more sustainable way of life.

More and more farmers participating in the Community Supported Agriculture model have started to convert their farmhouses into small power plants, using solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and biomass, thereby reducing energy costs. Consumers also benefit from this saving, as the amount of money they pay as a subscription is reduced.

In all of these new collaborative business practices spanning the entire spectrum of the economy, the horizontal structure trumps the vertical structure of traditional corporate giants that hierarchically organize economic activity.

.As a consequence, the movement of products from door to door creates needs for the employment of human resources, and in fact without particularly technical qualifications.

Supporting local self-sufficiency

The problem of local self-sufficiency in nutrition is imperative after energy and food precision in Europe. At the same time that the globalization of the economy is becoming expensive in basic items such as energy and nutrition. At the same time that the monoculture model of large farms is becoming problematic due to the high cost of energy and transport. These effects also reflect in the agricultural sector with a limitation in employment.

We know that globalization has promoted large monocultures at the expense of what was once local agro-food self-sufficiency.

Dominate markets in terms of competitiveness by finding cheaper labor costs and energy costs. This resulted in the demographic abandonment of the rural area since the industrialization of agriculture required fewer hands.

However, the globalization model of Georgia is currently showing cracks due to the unemployment it causes. But also for the effects on the cultural issue of internal migration from the village to the city (urbanization) causing the demographic desolation of the countryside and consequently the reduction of employment in the rural area where there are many fragmented resources.

After a century of petrochemical-based agriculture that made family farms an endangered species and gave birth to agribusiness giants like Cargill and ADM, a new generation of farmers is tipping the scales by selling their produce directly to consumers .

Indeed, since globalization for a number of reasons is becoming more expensive as “cheap labor costs” increase in developing countries, the question of local self-sufficiency as an alternative attitude to sustainability in the local economy is naturally raised.

The problem cannot be addressed only in the context of the globalization of the market but by reducing production costs at the local level as well.

Thus we observe that in the agri-food sector there is a demand for employment for workers but there is no corresponding supply because the unemployed are in the urban centers and it is difficult to relocate to the in villages without social infrastructure.

How could this problem be addressed through strengthening the collaborative culture?

The economic goal for local self-sufficiency requires a change in the paradigmatic model and institutional and organizational infrastructures for the development of cooperation and the social economy which is a necessary condition for local self-sufficiency.

The issue of material and social infrastructure is of fundamental importance and requires intervention by the State and Local Government.

Social housing programs are needed to relocate young farmers. Allotment of prime lands for social farms with tree crops and forests to cooperatives. Infrastructure for natural parks and agritourism infrastructure.

Empowering energy communities to drastically reduce energy costs.

Water reservoirs to support animal husbandry and agriculture with cheap animal feed with the aim of the sustainability of agricultural and livestock holdings but also the strengthening of local employment.

Finally, there is a need for intervention by the Local Government in the local social economy and a program with an annual budget to strengthen the infrastructure of social entrepreneurship.Footnote: “Today, over a billion people are members of cooperatives – that’s one in seven people on Earth. Over one hundred million people are employed by cooperatives, or 20% more than the workers in multinational companies. The three hundred largest cooperatives have as many members as the tenth most populous country in the world. In the United States and Germany one in four is a member of a cooperative. In Canada, four out of ten residents are members of cooperatives. In India and China four hundred million people belong to cooperatives. In Japan, one in three families is a member of a cooperative, and in France thirty-two million people are members of cooperatives. In the United States there are 29,000 cooperatives, with one hundred and twenty million members, and they have 73,000 business premises throughout the country. J. Rifkin